Accounting - Three Major Areas

Accounting - Three Major Areas

Accounting - Accounting - Three Major Areas

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There are three major functional areas in accounting, which need to be thought about in contemporary day accounting for any business. The three are financial, cost and administration accounting.

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Accounting

The first area, namely financial accounting, is primarily beneficial for ascertaining the results of the business on a periodical basis; for example, one year. This will help to settle the future course of action in the long term. In economical terms, financial accounting treats money as a factor of production.

Cost and administration accounting are tools to enable administration to take decisions on a day-to-day basis. Cost and administration accounting are not beneficial for their own sake. These two functions sustain administration in the conduct of the business along with other key factors involved in running of the business. Key factors could be demand, supply, competition, availability of raw material, logistics etc.

The second area, namely cost accounting, seeks to ascertain the value of direct costs and indirect costs involved in output . From this value, administration can make an informed decision with regard to the correction of output performance. In economic terms, cost accounting is a part of economic performance. This facts gives administration a clear indication of economic operation of the output resources of the business.

Costing also helps the sales manager in setting prices. But since costing is a part of economic performance, it cannot be thought about as an beyond doubt spoton basis for setting prices. This is because selling prices are more of an economic decision. It would not be amiss to mention here that prices depend basically on market factors. Prices depend more on demand, provide and competition and less on costs. For example, high inquire coupled with lack of competition would mean that business could payment higher prices for its products, well above the costs.

The third area, namely administration accounting, is intimately interrelated with costing accounting. Although it has evolved from cost accounting, administration accounting has a broader role to play in administration decisions. It measures economic operation of the business business as a whole, vis-a-vis the economic environment in which the business operates. This function of accounting seeks to merge the financial and cost facts in a broader aspect.

Finally, administration accounting is instrumental in assisting and advising administration in development leading business decisions. It makes administration aware of the economic implications and consequences of their decisions. In economic terms, it implies a close study of money as an economic resource, while simultaneously treating it as a part of economic performance. This enables administration to part it as an economic factor of production, e.g. the rate of return on capital employed.

It is thus seen that accounting has a definite role to play in three distinct areas, which are equally vital. With the advent of computerised accounting, it has become very easy for administration to monitor the accounting facts on the tips of its fingers. Financial accounting programs enable financial statements and discrete cost and Mis statements to be produced almost right away at push of a button. Now, only the laborious part of accounting is data entry. Financial managers must ensure that meaningful data is input into the system to yield meaningful information. permissible categorisation must be done and keying errors avoided at all costs, ensuring providing spoton financial facts to management.

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